4/20/2023 0 Comments Particle playground features![]() For many years the method has been the standard for evaluating the degradation and toughness of small size coarse aggregates with particle sizes typically greater than 1.70 mm. The Los Angeles Abrasion test was designed to assess the ability of concreting aggregates to resist the degradation and abrasion actions that occur during manufacturing, placing and compaction activities. Specific to concreting practices, a vast array of quality control processes and quality assurance tests have been developed and implemented on a global scale. A key industry to consider is the construction industry as it has a strong tradition of materials testing and supporting laboratories to conduct such testing. Despite these inadequacies, the method remains at the forefront of material selection processes for IAS materials used in playground safety.Īn objective of this research is to propose an accelerated aging test method to allow a quantitative assessment of how the sand will deteriorate over time, subject to use and external factors, in the context of children’s playgrounds. Following the investigation of a variety of loose fill materials, they conclude that reproducibility of the process was a key problem. highlight the inadequacies of this method for loose fill materials (including sand) on the basis of the inconsistency in the results that are achieved. This process involves dropping an instrumented metal headform onto a sample of the material, with performance measured in terms of g-max and head injury criterion (HIC) parameters. ![]() The most widely applied test method for evaluating the impact attenuating performance of a playground surfacing material is to employ the methodology contained in the Australian Standard AS 4422:2016, and its equivalent overseas standards particularly the recently published ISO Technical Specification. In preparation for this research, we undertook a literature review to consider different types of impact attenuation methods used in industry. showed that the amount of energy dissipating away from or returned to a child impacting onto a playground surface will influence the risk of sustaining a fracture. It is important that the IAS sand is fit-for-purpose and that it meets the minimum safety requirements and is maintained to these standards for the life of the playground equipment. ![]() These standards are effective in the measurement of the IAS performance but do not provide guidance on the selection of what makes a good IAS sand. There are standards around the world for the measurement of the performance of the IAS. IAS sand is used within children’s playgrounds to reduce the likelihood and consequences of death and serious injuries resulting from falls at height from playground equipment. published a paper on the dynamic behaviour of high performance sand surfaces used in the sports industry. In 2004 Eager and Chapman published a discussion paper on playground IAS. The sand mined at these locations consistently had a tight particle size distribution. The most reliable source for good quality IAS sands on these rivers was on specific bends. These sands were shown to degrade the least and had little to no fines, and their particle shape was rounded to well-rounded. The best IAS sands were sourced from quarries located on rivers that had eroded volcanic outcrops. This accelerated ageing test method is applicable only to sands and not rubber or wood fibre IAS products. IAS degradation properties of fifteen IAS sands were tested including sand particle shape, sand particle distribution, percentage fines and sand particle degradation. This paper proposes an additional IAS test to eliminate sands that degrade above an established threshold rate after installation due to normal usage. These fines and smaller particles tend to bind the sand and lower its impact attenuating performance. When children use the playground, sand degradation can occur when sand produces fines and smaller particles with low sphericity and angular which fill the voids between the sand particles. There is a deficiency with existing IAS test methods in that they do not take account of sand degradation over time. There are three primary IAS materials used, namely: granulated rubber products, wood fibre products, and sand. ![]() To lower the likelihood and severity of injury, impact attenuating surfaces (IAS) are installed within the impact area (fall zone). ![]() Falls within children’s playgrounds result in long bone and serious injuries. ![]()
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